:root {
  --cardinal: #8C1515;
  --cardinal-dark: #6E0F0F;
  --ink: #2E2D29;
  --ink-soft: #53565A;
  --muted: #767674;
  --rule: #DAD7CB;
  --paper: #FFFFFF;
  --fog: #F4F4F4;
  --serif: 'Source Serif 4', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --sans: 'Source Sans 3', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
}

/* Reset */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body, h1, h2, h3, p, ul, li, figure { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
ul { list-style: none; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
button { font: inherit; }

html {
  scroll-padding-top: 84px;
  overflow-anchor: none;
}
html.smooth { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  overflow-anchor: none;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a, a:visited { color: var(--cardinal); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--cardinal); outline-offset: 3px; }

.container { width: 100%; max-width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }

.skip-link {
  position: absolute; top: -60px; left: 12px; z-index: 2000;
  padding: 10px 14px; background: #fff; color: var(--ink);
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 10px; }

/* Identity bar */
.identity-bar { background: var(--cardinal); color: #fff; font-size: 0.85rem; padding: 6px 0; }
.identity-bar a, .identity-bar a:visited { color: #fff; font-weight: 700; }
.identity-sep { margin: 0 0.6rem; opacity: 0.6; }

/* Header */
.site-header {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.header-inner {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem; min-height: 64px;
}
.site-name, .site-name:visited {
  font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink);
}
.site-name:hover { color: var(--cardinal); text-decoration: none; }
.site-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.25rem 1.4rem; }
.site-nav a, .site-nav a:visited {
  color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600;
  padding: 4px 0; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}
.site-nav a:hover { color: var(--cardinal); border-bottom-color: var(--cardinal); text-decoration: none; }

/* Hero */
.hero { padding: 56px 0 48px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.hero-photo img { width: 200px; height: 240px; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 2px; }
.hero-text h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 2.8vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.hero-role { font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.hero-role strong { color: var(--cardinal); font-weight: 600; }
.hero-bio p { margin-bottom: 0.9rem; max-width: 640px; }

.profile-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.6rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.profile-links a, .profile-links a:visited {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--cardinal);
  border: 1px solid var(--cardinal); border-radius: 2px; padding: 6px 14px;
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.profile-links a:hover { background: var(--cardinal); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* Sections */
.section { padding: 52px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.section:last-of-type { border-bottom: none; }
.section-title {
  position: relative; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.section-title::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: 0;
  width: 48px; height: 3px; background: var(--cardinal);
}
.section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem; }
.section-intro { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: -0.4rem 0 1.75rem; max-width: 640px; }

/* Research */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
}
.research-item { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 1rem; }
.research-item h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.research-item p { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.research-item .tag-line {
  font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--cardinal); margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

/* News Section (Scrollable) */
.news-container {
  max-height: 290px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;       /* Firefox */
  -ms-overflow-style: none;    /* IE and Edge */
  padding-right: 4px;
}

.news-container::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;               /* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
}

.news-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.news-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 0.85rem 0 0.85rem 1rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--fog);
  transition: border-left-color 0.18s ease;
}

.news-list li:first-child {
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}

.news-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.news-list li:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--cardinal);
}

.news-date {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--cardinal);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.news-content {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.news-content em {
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* Publications (classes used by scripts.js) */
.toggle-publications {
  font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--cardinal);
  background: transparent; border: 1px solid var(--cardinal); border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 6px 14px; margin-top: 0.4rem; cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.toggle-publications:hover { background: var(--cardinal); color: #fff; }

.publications-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 200px; }
.publication-item {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.publication-item:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.publication-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.pub-thumbnail {
  width: 160px; height: 106px; background: var(--fog);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); overflow: hidden; cursor: zoom-in;
}
.pub-thumbnail img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 0.25s ease; }
.pub-thumbnail:hover img { transform: scale(1.04); }

.pub-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.12rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
.pub-authors { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.highlight-name { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.pub-venue-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.pub-venue { font-style: italic; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.pub-award {
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #fff; background: var(--cardinal); padding: 2px 8px;
}
.pub-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.9rem; }
.pub-links a { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; }

/* Activity and Awards */
.dated-list li {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.dated-list li:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
.dated-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.dated-list .date { color: var(--cardinal); font-weight: 700; }
.dated-list .org { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; }

/* Full-width container override for this section */
/* Teaching and Service */
.service-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: 4rem;
  row-gap: 2rem;
}
.service-block h3 {
  font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--cardinal); margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.service-block p { margin-bottom: 0.8rem; font-size: 0.97rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.service-block strong { color: var(--ink); }

/* Footer */
.site-footer { background: var(--cardinal); color: #fff; padding: 22px 0; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.footer-inner { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem; }
.site-footer a, .site-footer a:visited { color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }

/* Modal (used by scripts.js) */
.modal {
  display: none; position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 1000; padding-top: 60px;
  background: rgba(46, 45, 41, 0.88); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
}
.modal.show { opacity: 1; }
.modal-content {
  margin: auto; max-width: 85%; max-height: 82vh;
  background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.modal-close {
  position: absolute; top: 16px; right: 28px; background: transparent;
  border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .header-inner { padding: 10px 0; }
  .hero { padding: 36px 0; }
  .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .hero-photo img { width: 160px; height: 192px; }
  .research-grid, .service-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .publication-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.75rem; }
  .pub-thumbnail { width: 100%; height: 180px; }
  .dated-list li { grid-template-columns: 70px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .section { padding: 40px 0; }
}